Glossary of ingredients in sunscreen products

Have you ever stood in front of the sunscreen shelf for an eternity, trying to choose the right lotion or cream? The labels look the same, and the long list of ingredients is incomprehensible to the average person. Namely, they determine whether the product will provide reliable protection from UV rays, whether it will be suitable for people with sensitive skin or for your child.

Today, more and more people understand the need to know the ingredients and are starting to look for in-depth information on the subject. If you are one of them, this article is just for you! In the following lines, we will look at some common components of sunscreens and explain what the function of each of them is.

What types of ingredients are in sunscreens?

Every sunscreen product, whether it is a cream, lotion or spray, contains a combination of several main groups of ingredients. They work together to provide broad-spectrum protection from UVA and UVB rays, maintain skin hydration and elasticity, and ensure the stability of the formula even with prolonged exposure to the sun.

Typically, ingredients are divided into active ones - those that directly protect against harmful solar radiation, and supporting ones, which take care of hydration, comfort, and good texture of the product.

Mineral sunscreens

Mineral sunscreens act as a physical barrier – they reflect and scatter UV rays without penetrating the skin. They are effective from the moment of application and are particularly suitable for children or sensitive skin, as they do not cause irritation. They are considered environmentally friendly, and their main disadvantage is the characteristic white film that remains visible after application.

Zinc Oxide

Zinc oxide provides broad-spectrum UVA and UVB protection, including against UVA-1 (long-wavelength rays) associated with photoaging. It is extremely stable in the sun and does not break down under the influence of UV. In some mineral formulas for sensitive skin, it is used in a micronized version, which does not leave white marks, but retains the properties of the ingredient.

Titanium Dioxide

Titanium dioxide reflects mainly UVB and some UVA-2 rays (i.e. shorter wavelengths), protecting against burning and redness. It has a lighter texture and is often combined with other filters to achieve full UVA protection.

Chemical UVA and UVB filters

Chemical sunscreens are based on organic compounds that absorb UV rays and convert them into harmless heat energy. They provide a light, non-greasy texture and are preferred in products for daily use.

Ethylhexyl Methoxycinnamate

Also known as Octyl Methoxycinnamate, this filter primarily protects against UVB rays, which cause burns and DNA damage. It is often combined with avobenzone and titanium dioxide. It provides stable protection and a light, pleasant texture to apply.

Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane (Avobenzone)

It is the main ally against UVA rays that accelerate aging and cause age spots. Avobenzone is used in combination with UVB filters to provide complete broad-spectrum protection.

Ethylhexyl Salicylate

Absorbs UVB rays and helps stabilize other filters. Enhances the action of Avobenzone and reduces the risk of photodegradation (i.e. degradation of ingredients under the influence of light).

Hydrating and Restorative Ingredients

A good sunscreen not only protects against UV rays, but also restores the hydrolipid balance and barrier function of the skin. Hydrating components soothe, soften and prevent the feeling of dryness after prolonged exposure to the sun - especially important for sensitive and children's skin.

Panthenol

Known as provitamin B5, panthenol helps restore and soothe the skin. It reduces redness and unpleasant tightness after sun exposure. It is the star ingredient in all products from the Panthenol series by Sun Like.

Hyaluronic Acid (Sodium Hyaluronate)

Hyaluronic acid is a substance that occurs naturally in the human body. It has the property of binding to water molecules, thus keeping the skin elastic and hydrated. This is precisely the function of hyaluronic acid in cosmetic products.

Aloe Vera (Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice)

Aloe Vera cools, reduces redness and promotes skin regeneration. It is mainly used in After Sun products as it effectively relieves the burning sensation and restores hydration.

Urea

A natural moisturizing factor that retains water in the surface layers of the skin. Improves softness and elasticity - that's why you'll see it not only in after-sun products, but also in emollient hand and body creams.

Allantoin

Soothes, softens and helps restore irritated skin. Enhances the regenerative effect of panthenol.

Chamomile Extract (Chamomilla Recutita Extract)

Chamomile is extremely popular in cosmetics, as it has a pronounced anti-inflammatory and soothing effect. In sun protection, you will find it in the series for children and people with sensitive skin.

Calendula Extract (Calendula Officinalis Extract)

Calendula is another star natural ingredient. It has a strong anti-inflammatory and healing effect, accelerates regeneration and reduces the risk of irritation after a long day in the sun.

Antioxidants and vitamins

When exposed to UV rays, free radicals are formed in our body, which lead to premature aging of the skin. And antioxidants neutralize these molecules. This is how these active ingredients slow down the photoaging processes and help to recover faster after sun exposure.

Vitamin A (Retinyl Palmitate)

Vitamin A stimulates cell renewal and maintains collagen structure. It is key to maintaining skin elasticity and an even complexion.

Vitamin E (Tocopheryl Acetate)

Vitamin E protects cell membranes from oxidative stress and reduces damage caused by harmful UV rays. It strengthens the natural defense mechanisms and helps retain enough water in the skin.

Beta-carotene (Beta Carotene)

Beta-carotene is a natural pigment and a powerful antioxidant that promotes even skin darkening. It neutralizes free radicals and helps maintain a golden tan without burning. At the same time, it protects the oil phase from photooxidation and gives the product a golden hue.

Vitamin C

You will sometimes find it in your sunscreen, as vitamin C protects against oxidative stress, promotes collagen synthesis and enhances the action of vitamin E. It also lightens age spots and maintains a fresh appearance of the skin.

Which nourishing natural oils are most often used in a sunscreen lotion?

Natural oils are an indispensable part of the formula of any good sunscreen product. They nourish, soften and restore the skin's lipid balance, which is disrupted by the sun's rays. They also increase elasticity and give a silky feel.

Almond oil (Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Oil)

Almond oil is rich in fatty acids and vitamin E. It keeps the skin soft and supple, soothes and protects against drying out after prolonged exposure to the sun.

Shea butter (Butyrospermum Parkii Butter)

Shea butter is rich in fatty acids and vitamins A and E. That is why it successfully protects the skin from drying out and nourishes it in depth. It contains natural UV-absorbing molecules that provide a slight additional photoprotective effect, but cannot replace the action of specialized sunscreen ingredients. It gives softness and maintains a healthy bronze complexion.

Coconut oil (Cocos Nucifera Oil)

Coconut oil restores the lipid barrier and has antibacterial properties. Thanks to its high lauric acid content, it reduces the risk of irritation and makes the skin smooth and elastic. In addition to sunscreen products, it is also found in some after-sun oils, where it provides long-lasting hydration and natural protection.

Avocado oil (Persea Gratissima Oil)

Avocado oil is a source of vitamins A, D and E and helps restore dry and sensitive skin. It improves elasticity and accelerates regeneration after sun exposure.

Carrot oil (Daucus Carota Sativa Root Extract)

Carrot oil is rich in beta-carotene - a natural source of vitamin A and a powerful antioxidant. It promotes an even complexion and gives the skin a healthy golden tan, enhancing melanin synthesis.

Broccoli oil (Brassica Oleracea Italica Seed Oil)

Broccoli oil is a modern plant-based alternative to silicones. It smoothes the skin, improves product distribution and gives a natural glow. It strengthens the barrier function and provides a silky feel.

Auxiliary ingredients

They do not provide direct sun protection, but are crucial for the texture, durability and comfort of any sunscreen lotion. They help the product spread evenly, absorb well and maintain its stability at high temperatures.

Dimethicone

Dimethicone is a soft silicone that forms a thin protective film on the skin, prevents transepidermal water loss and creates a silky feel. It does not clog pores and is safe even for sensitive skin. It contributes to the non-greasy texture of the product.

Glycerin

Glycerin is one of the most effective humectants in cosmetics. It attracts and retains water in the upper layers of the skin, keeping it soft and hydrated even with prolonged exposure to the sun.

Cetearyl Alcohol

Despite the word “alcohol” in its name, it is a fatty alcohol with a nourishing and softening effect. It stabilizes emulsions and adds thickness to the lotion without drying the skin.

Glyceryl Stearate

Glyceryl Stearate действа като емулгатор, който свързва водната и маслената фаза в стабилна и гладка текстура. Освен това предпазва кожата от загуба на вода.

C12-15 Alkyl Benzoate

This is a light emollient that makes the product non-greasy and easy to apply. It provides a silky feel and helps the UV filters to be distributed evenly on the skin.

Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride

Derived from coconut oil and glycerin. It is used as an emollient and nourishing ingredient that improves the distribution and absorption of the product.

Lactobacillus Ferment

A probiotic ingredient derived from lactic acid bacteria that strengthens the skin's natural defenses and supports its microbiome. It reduces the risk of irritation and balances reactions in sensitive skin. You will find Lactobacillus Ferment in formulas for sensitive skin, as it improves the tolerance of products and provides a long-lasting feeling of comfort.

Preservatives and Stabilizers

This class of ingredients keeps the product fresh, safe and effective throughout its shelf life. They prevent the development of microorganisms and maintain the stability of the formula without irritating the skin. Sun Like sunscreen cosmetics use gentle, dermatologically tested ingredients, suitable for sensitive skin and children.

Phenoxyethanol

Phenoxyethanol is a mild and effective preservative, widely used in dermatological cosmetics as an alternative to parabens. It provides protection against bacteria and fungi without disturbing the natural microflora of the skin.

Ethylhexylglycerin

Ethylhexylglycerin enhances the action of Phenoxyethanol and improves the softness of the product. In addition to antimicrobial, it also has a moisturizing effect, which increases comfort during application. It contributes to the hypoallergenic profile of the formula.

Caprylyl Glycol

Caprylyl Glycol is a multifunctional ingredient – it acts as a humectant, stabilizer and natural preservative. It helps distribute active ingredients evenly and increases product stability.

Sodium Benzoate

Sodium Benzoate is a safe preservative with a long history of use in cosmetics and food. It prevents the growth of microorganisms and maintains the purity of the water phase in the lotion. You can find it not only in sunscreen lotion, but also in the recipe for your favorite pickle.

Potassium Sorbate

Potassium Sorbate works in conjunction with sodium benzoate to prevent the growth of mold and yeast. It is highly tolerated by the skin and is even used in children's cosmetics.

Stabilizers and antioxidants in the oil phase

Antioxidants in the oil phase protect the oil components from oxidation and preserve the freshness, color and aroma of the product. They also maintain the effectiveness of UV filters and extend the shelf life without changing the texture of the lotion.

Tocopherol (pure vitamin E)

Tocopherol is the pure form of vitamin E, which protects the oil components from rancidity and oxidative stress. In addition to being a stabilizer, it is also an active antioxidant that maintains the elasticity of the skin. It contributes to the soft and nourishing texture.

Retinyl Palmitate (vitamin A)

Retinyl palmitate is a stable form of vitamin A, which strengthens the structure of the epidermis and increases its resistance to UV stress. In the oil phases, it acts as an antioxidant and improves the overall stability of the product.

Aromatic and aesthetic components

Aromatic components give the product a pleasant feeling upon application, but their amount must be carefully dosed so as not to cause irritation. Sun Like formulas use perfume compositions that comply with European standards, with low concentration and good tolerance.

Parfum (Fragrance)

The perfume composition provides the pleasant aroma that people expect from a good cosmetic product. Sun Like formulas use light, unobtrusive fragrances that comply with EU requirements for sunscreen cosmetics.

Coumarin

Coumarin has a light sweet aroma, reminiscent of vanilla and fresh herbs. It is used in minimal amounts and contributes to the harmony of the fragrance without affecting the effectiveness of the product.

Benzyl Salicylate

Benzyl Salicylate acts both as a fragrance component and UV stabilizer. It fixes the fragrance and protects the perfume composition from decaying under the influence of sunlight. That is why you will find it in many sunscreen products.

D-Limonene

D-Limonene is a natural aromatic terpene extracted from citrus peels. Even in minimal amounts it has the property of adding freshness without weighing down the formula.

Piperonal

Piperonal (heliotropine) has a soft floral aroma with vanilla notes that gives a feeling of purity and freshness.

Substances to Avoid in Sunscreen

More and more consumers are paying attention not only to what their sunscreen contains, but also to what it does not contain. Some UV filters, although effective, are now considered potentially irritating or environmentally unfriendly. Here are some to avoid when looking for a new sunscreen:

Octocrylene

Octocrylene is a synthetic UV filter that absorbs UVB and some UVA rays. However, over time, it can break down into benzophenone, a substance that could cause irritation to sensitive skin.

Homosalate

Homosalate is a UVB filter, but there are concerns that at high concentrations it could contribute to hormonal imbalances.

Oxybenzone

Oxybenzone is a chemical sunscreen that can cause allergic reactions and is considered harmful to coral reefs and marine life. As a result, its use is restricted in a number of countries. It is permitted in the European Union at certain concentrations.

Benzophenone-4

Benzophenone-4 is an old generation UV filter that protects the formula from breakdown, but can cause photosensitivity in sensitive skin.

All of these ingredients are effective for their intended purpose and were extremely popular in the past. However, today the cosmetic industry is looking for more modern alternatives that are gentle on both the skin and the environment. 

Sun Like is a brand that strives to always provide its customers with modern, effective sun protection. That is why we are committed to constantly updating the formulas of our products to keep them up to date with the latest discoveries and scientific developments.

Other ingredients you may encounter

Some ingredients in sunscreens are not active filters or moisturizers, but they perform important functions – they stabilize the formula, improve the texture or enhance the action of the main components. In Sun Like products, they are used carefully, in safe concentrations.

Maltodextrin

Maltodextrin is a natural carbohydrate extracted from plant sources that serves as a stabilizer and carrier for active ingredients. It improves the even distribution of extracts and maintains the homogeneity of the product. It could support the action of panthenol and vegetable oils.

Polyacrylamide & Laureth-7

This combination is an emulsifier system that maintains a smooth and stable texture. It prevents the separation of the water and oil phases and ensures even application. It contributes to the stability of a lotion at high temperatures – such as those found at the beach, for example.

Sodium PCA

Sodium PCA is part of the skin’s natural moisturizing factor. It retains water in the epidermis and maintains its optimal balance during prolonged sun exposure. It enhances the moisturizing effect of hyaluronic acid.

Sodium Lactate

This substance is a derivative of lactic acid and has a strong hydrating and balancing effect. It regulates the pH of the product and improves the elasticity of the skin. It promotes regeneration and prevents the feeling of dryness after sun exposure.

Often the long Latin names on the label sound scary, but that does not make them harmful. Most of them are simply the scientific names of natural compounds – vitamins, plant extracts or moisturizing agents. It is important not to be afraid of the ingredients, but to know them. When we understand what a product contains, we can choose informed and calmly – knowing that the sunscreen we use is safe, effective and suitable for our skin.